Jitendra Singh holds multiple governmental roles, serving as the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences. He is also a Minister of State for the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions (PP/ DoPT), Department of Atomic Energy, and Department of Space.

Beyond his political career, Singh is a qualified diabetologist, a professor, and an author. He is an alumnus of Stanley Medical, Chennai.