Robert James Fischer (1943–2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. A chess prodigy, he won his first of a record eight US Championships at the age of 14. In 1964, he achieved an 11–0 score, the only perfect score in the history of the tournament. In 1972, Fischer won the World Championship title match against Boris Spassky of the USSR in Reykjavík, Iceland.