Arne Starkey Duncan served as the 9th United States Secretary of Education from 2009 to 2015 in the cabinet of President Barack Obama. During his tenure, he helped secure congressional support for President Obama's education investments, including $100 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to fund teaching jobs and increase Pell grants. He also oversaw reform efforts such as Race to the Top and Investing in Innovation, and interventions in low-performing schools.